Landscape Architecture

Manufacture ENVIRONMENT The term constructed condition alludes to the human-made environmental factors that give the setting to human action, running in scale from structures and stops or green space to neighborhoods and urban communities that can regularly incorporate their supporting framework, for example, water flexibly, or vitality systems. The fabricated condition is a material, spatial and social result of human work that consolidates physical components and vitality in structures for living, working and playing. It has been characterized as â€Å"the human-made space in which individuals live, work, and reproduce on an everyday basis†.The â€Å"built condition envelops places and spaces made or changed by individuals including structures, parks, and transportation systems†. As of late, general wellbeing research has extended the meaning of â€Å"built environment† to incorporate sound food get to, network gardens, â€Å"walkabilty†, and â€Å"bika bility†. Early ideas of manufactured conditions were presented a large number of years prior. Hippodamus of Miletos, known as the â€Å"father of urban planning†, created Greek urban areas from 498 BC to 408 BC that made request by utilizing framework designs that mapped the city.These early city designs inevitably offered path to the City Beautiful development in the late 1800s and mid 1900s, roused by Daniel Hudson Burnham, a reformist for the Progressivism development who effectively advanced â€Å"a change of the scene pair with political change†. The exertion was in organization with other people who accepted that enhancing American urban areas would improve the ethical compass of the urban communities and urge the high society to go through their cash in urban communities. This beautification procedure included parks and engineering plan. Present day assembled environmentCurrently manufactured conditions are ordinarily used to portray the interdisciplinary field that tends to the structure, development, the board, and utilization of these man-made environmental factors as an interrelated entire just as their relationship to human exercises after some time (as opposed to a specific component in separation or at a solitary second in time). The field is by and large not viewed as a customary calling or scholarly control in its own right, rather drawing upon zones, for example, financial aspects, law, open approach, general wellbeing, the executives, geology, plan, innovation, and natural sustainability.Within the field of general wellbeing, assembled situations are alluded to as building or remodeling zones with an end goal to improve the community’s prosperity through development of â€Å"aesthetically, wellbeing improved, and ecologically improved scenes and living structures†. Urban arranging The term â€Å"urban planning† demonstrates that a great part of nature we occupy is man-made and that these counterfeit en vironmental factors are so broad and durable that concerning the utilization of assets, squander removal, and profitable undertaking, they are like organisms.Public wellbeing In general wellbeing, fabricated situations allude to physical conditions that are structured with wellbeing and health as fundamental pieces of the networks. Examination has shown that how neighborhoods are made can influence both the physical action and emotional well-being of the communities’ inhabitants. Studies have demonstrated that assembled situations that were explicitly intended to improve physical action are connected to higher paces of physical movement, which thusly, emphatically influences health.Neighborhoods with greater walkability had lower paces of corpulence just as expanded physical action among its occupants. They additionally had lower paces of sorrow, higher social capital, and less liquor misuse. Walkability highlights in these areas incorporate wellbeing, walkway development, ju st as goals in which to walk. Likewise, the impression of a walkable neighborhood, one that is seen to have great walkways and network, is associated with higher paces of physical action. Evaluations of walkability have been finished using GIS programs.One such program, Street Smart Walk Score, is a walkability appraisal device which decides separations to markets and different pleasantries, just as network and crossing point recurrence utilizing explicit locations. Appraisals, for example, Street Smart Walk Score can be used by city and area arranging offices to improve existing walkability of networks. General wellbeing likewise addresses extra segments of constructed conditions including â€Å"bikeability† and solid food access, for example, closeness to supermarkets and network gardens.Bikeability alludes to the entrance that a region has allowed to safe biking through numerous bicycle ways and bicycle paths. Both walkability and bikeability have been refered to as determ inants of physical action. Access to solid food is likewise a significant segment to the manufactured condition. A higher thickness of comfort stores has been related with stoutness in kids. Interestingly, improved access to network general stores and farmer’s markets is corresponded with lower overweight status. Explicitly in low pay neighborhoods, the nearness of a nearby supermarket is related with lower BMI/overweight risk.Community gardens are additionally viewed as a piece of the fabricated condition, and have been appeared to expand products of the soil consumption among planters. Researchers state that network gardens have additionally been appeared to have positive social and mental effects that lead to bring down degrees of stress, hypertension, and an improved feeling of wellbeing, influencing the general soundness of the individual and the network. The crossing point of general wellbeing with different orders is apparent in the structure procedure of manufactured situations which incorporates natural arranging, strategy improvement and land-use planning.Research recommends that individuals are increasingly dynamic in blended use networks or those that fuse retail and private and thickly populated regions just as those with great road availability. The individuals who wanted to walk and live in walkable conditions regularly have lower corpulence rates and drive less over the individuals who favored living in auto-subordinate situations. The quality of the proof for diminishing heftiness through condition has been featured by the Center for Disease Control in its Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention Project, which incorporates proportions of solid food get to and physical action environments.Landscape engineering In scene design, the constructed condition is comprehended to mean a human-made scene, as recognized from the regular habitat; for instance, a city park is a manufactured situation. Regular habitat The common habitat incor porates all living and non-living things happening naturally[->0] on Earth[->1] or some area thereof. It is a situation that includes the communication of every living specie. The idea of the indigenous habitat can be recognized by segments: Complete ecological[->2] units that work as natural[->3] frameworks without gigantic human[->4] intercession, including all vegetation[->5], microorganisms[->6], soil[->7], rocks[->8], atmosphere[->9], and regular phenomena[->10] that happen inside their limits.  §Universal common resources[->11] and physical phenomena[->12] that need obvious limits, for example, air[->13], water[->14], and climate[->15], just as energy[->16], radiation[->17], electric charge[->18], and magnetism[->19], not starting from human activity.The regular habitat is appeared differently in relation to the constructed environment[->20], which involves the regions and segments that are emphatically affected by people. A land zone is viewed as a regular habitat. It is hard to track down totally regular habitats, and usually the expectation changes in a continuum, from in a perfect world 100% characteristic in one outrageous to 0% normal in the other. All the more unequivocally, we can think about the various angles or segments of a situation, and see that their level of instinctive nature isn't uniform.If, for example, we take an agrarian field, and consider the mineralogic composition[->21] and the structure[->22] of its dirt, we will find that while the first is very like that of an undisturbed woodland soil, the structure is very unique. Regular habitat is frequently utilized as an equivalent word for habitat[->23]. For example, when we state that the indigenous habitat of giraffes is the savanna[->24]. PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS The â€Å"Typical† Plant Body The Root System (Usually underground)  §Anchor the plant in the dirt  §Absorb water and supplements  §Conduct water and supplements Food Storage The Shoot System (Usually above grounds)  §Elevates the plant over the dirt  §Many capacities including:  §photosynthesis  §reproduction and dispersal  §food and water conduction TYPE OF PLANTS Cacti (Cactus) Cactus plants are very much adjusted to blistering and dry climate by putting away water in their delicious stems. They are additionally known for their spines, for which they are acclaimed. Blossoms Flowers are the regenerative piece of angiosperms, otherwise called blooming plants. Herbs are utilized for culinary, restorative and otherworldly employments. In cooking, the leaves of the herb are regularly the main part used.All parts of herbs are utilized in different clinical or profound practices. Bushes and Bushes Usually under 6 m tall, bushes and hedges are sorted as woody plants. Bushes have different stems and many are secured with blossoms of every kind imaginable. Trees are wherever on the planet. Trees are tall, enormous and some are extremely old. Trees are significant in battling soil disintegration and liable for the perfect oxygen we relax. Vegetables The term ‘vegetable' isn't really a logical grouping of a plant, yet rather carefully a culinary term.Vegetables are portions of plants (bloom buds, seeds, stems, natural products, and so forth) that are consumable and utilized in culinar

How to make make money online Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The most effective method to make bring in cash on the web - Article Example This is the last advance in concocting a site that fills various needs. There are a large number of free site destinations which could be utilized to gain cash on the web. The site measures should be followed so as to pick up achievement over the long haul. Additionally how to begin a website page for nothing is a comparative endeavor that must be appropriately seen with the goal that an individual could discover approaches to procure cash on the web (Koch 1996). These are critical estimates that will bring accomplishment for the areas of somebody who accepts a lot in bringing in cash on the web. One most significant point here is to appropriately check the site over and over to realize that lucrative ways are ready for action, and that there are no troubles in the wake of getting more cash with the evolving times. Works Cited Koch, Tom. The Message is the Medium: Online All the Time for Everyone. Praeger Publishers, 1996 Ploster, George. Bringing in Money as an Aggregator. On the we b, 28, March 2004 Smith, Jennifer. Web based Learning and Teaching in Higher Education. Open University Press, 2007

Research Success Assignment Essay

Leon’s furniture is positioned number 200 and ten on the globe and mail’s report on business top 1000, winning a benefit of $56,666. The focal point of this report will be on the money related situation of Leon’s furniture. For any business, the money related situation of the organization will be seen by both inner and outer clients and partners since it shows how well the business is getting along monetarily. The overall gain of the organization will influence the money related situation of the business on the grounds that dependent on the benefit or misfortune brought about, it will characterize if the business is effective or not. Also, investors will be keen on the budget reports since it decides the income per share. The primary article is â€Å"Leon’s EPS falls 18.8% in Q2† which reports about the monetary circumstance of Leon’s and quickly clarified the reasons for the fall. Based on the title of the article, clearly it will affect Leo n’s furniture in a negative design. Deals are diminished from $11.2 million to $9 million somewhere in the range of 2011 and 2012 (Knell). This proposes net gain and profit per share has dropped altogether. It is accounted for that the decline in deals is because of the continuation of winding down client certainty, decline in lodging begins, and proceeded with high client obligation (Knell). Client certainty has an extraordinary influence when clients are bantering on whether they should buy the furnishings or not. Since the world is as yet recuperating from the financial emergency years prior, the higher joblessness rates and lower GDPs will make less client certainty when a choice should be made. Consequently, they are more averse to buy the items. The beginning of a reduction in lodging implies that less houses are being fabricated contrasted with previously. Besides, less new property holders will shop at furniture stores like Leon’s furniture. What's more, high purchaser obligation these days is another motivation behind why there’s a decrease in client spending. â€Å"Also, influencing likelihood in the subsequent quarter were promoting expenses.† (Knell) Since Leon’s have been opening new stores, the inhabitance costs are expanded by $1.2 million. These increments and diminishes in numbers will at last lessen the business volume and result in a reduction in total compensation. â€Å"Leon’s procuring decay 15% in third quarter† is another article that reports a negative effect identifying with their monetary position. Like the profit declined in the subsequent quarter, the second from last quarter of the year is as yet an extreme period for Leon’s. They guarantee this is because of the expansion in working expenses in a period of level deals development (Knell). The recently remodeled st ores in Sault. Ste. Marie and Sudbury, Ontario are opened in the second from last quarter of 2012 and will additionally expand the working expense. Monetarily, this implies Leon’s is proceeding to extend and opening new store and expanding its working costs, however the market is just giving them will a level development pace of deals. In the event that the business volume stays unaltered and working costs keeps on developing, the measure of the cash earned will consistently begin to diminish. â€Å"The organization said its development edge fell 1.5 focuses to 40.9% for the most part in light of the fact that a debilitating Canadian dollar climbed the expense of imported product† (Knell). This implies progressively Canadian dollars are expected to purchase the remote items that utilized less Canadian dollars to purchase years back. This impacts the monetary position since more resources are utilized to import outside items. In conclusion, the third article is called â€Å"Leon’s to procure The Brick†. As the title proposes Leon’s will buyout The Brick and will combine the two organizations in one. This can have both positive and negative effects for Leon’s monetarily. â€Å"The exchange, esteemed at about C$700 million, is relied upon to shut in the first quarter.† (Knell) This can be viewed as a negative effect for the organization monetarily since a gigantic measure of cash is required for the buyout. Utilizing huge measure of cash to purchase out The Brick can influence a few things. The benefit will diminish (on the off chance that they precinct cash from banks, it will expand their liabilities and they should pay for the premium) and furthermore impact the advantage obligation proportion, causing the organization to owe more than they own. Moreover, the official executive of The Brick is foreseen to join Leon’s top managerial staff (Knell). Like whatever other new collaborators that go to the organization, they may experience contentions or differences. In any case, if the two organizations cooperate in a positive way, they may procure increasingly total compensation consolidated. Henceforth, this will transform the negative into a positive effect for the two organizations. â€Å"Leon’s corporate and establishment stores had consolidated deals of C$879.6 million and The Brick had corporate and establishment deals of C1.54 billion† (Knell). This shows the business volume of The Brick is really more prominent than its new proprietor, Leon’s. This can affect Leon’s in a positive manner on the grounds that the income from The Brick will be included onto their own income since they are presently a joined organization. The most significant thing to think about is that purchasing out The Brick, Leon’s will have one less rival in the furniture business. The entirety of the above will prompt increment in all out income and net gain for Leon’s furniture. Since I am as of now considering Accounting and Finance at Seneca College, I accept that my future calling in bookkeeping can help Leon’s monitor their exchanges and make precise and solid fiscal reports. These announcements will show all the inflow and outpouring of capitals going all through the organization. By taking a gander at the budget reports, I would then be able to investigate on the most proficient method to make the organization increasingly productive utilizing the bookkeeping aptitudes that I am learning at school.

Difficulty With Essays -- Writing Education Writer Essays

Trouble With Essays Attempting to compose an article is troublesome. Perusing a book with the pleasantly composed papers is incredible and permits me to see instances of good papers. Proposals, for example, the journalist’s questions, mapping, conceptualizing, and thought books give backing and direction that should be useful. In the wake of perusing all the material of what goes into an article and the supportive recommendations to kick me off the correct way, for example, approaches to defeat writer’s square, the time has come to start. As yet nothing; I simply stay there before the PC. I ask myself, how might I utilize the entirety of the valuable data that has been given to me? I take a stab at mapping and conceptualizing, however a point or thought is required. Dissatisfaction, bothering, and disarray are forceful feelings I have now. I return to the content and rehash one of the tales, and something clicks. An encounter comes to me that can be connected effectively to one of the acco unts in the necessary content, so I start. Thoughts for the paper fly into my head. Composing starts quick from the outset with all the models discovered, individual encounters I can expound on, and the contemplations evoked by the story that was perused or thought I concocted. While rehashing what has been written down or composed on the PC, it out of nowhere gets hazy or out of center regarding what those composed words have to do with the postulation or the story. The thoughts some way or another have nothing to do with what I was attempting to pass on. The dissatisfaction of what is in my mind and what I need to write down is extreme. When taking my plans to somebody to run by them, again the thoughts sound incredible and clear. I don't have the foggiest idea how frequently I have heard, â€Å"That’s extraordinary! Compose it like you just told me.† How did ... ...the thoughts that I am attempting to communicate in my paper? How would I get them to run over to the peruser in sentences that bode well? How would I think of enough of them to cover the measure of pages required? The Webster’s Pocket Dictionary and Thesaurus are my solitary understanding into the universe of words and their importance or utilization. How awesome it is can plunk down and simply compose brilliant and vivified expositions without disappointment, bothering, and disarray. I can see my fingers flying over the console, putting down words that sound good to the peruser and me. What an idea! Sometime this may occur, however until it does reality returns and I am indeed inquiring as to whether what I am composing is adequate. Work Cited Valeri-Gold, Maria, and Mary P. Deming. Making Connection Through Reading and Writing. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1994.

Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Change

Today, researcher contend over the outcomes of a worldwide temperature alteration. Researcher state that the warming of the environment can impact numerous medical issues. A portion of the related issues because of a worldwide temperature alteration are demise to warm waves and other atmosphere changes, and irresistible sicknesses. With the air temperature rising, we as a whole will be in danger. The atmosphere not just damages our bodies, it can likewise hurt our yields and waters.      Floods and dry spells related with a worldwide temperature alteration can subvert our wellbeing in different ways. The warmth that is created can harm our harvests. The temperature will permit our harvests to be tainted with sicknesses and invasions, for example, bugs and weeds. By wrecking our harvests, this can prompt hunger around the world. With the climate being so extraordinary, this can modify our water cycles. With the additional water consolidating, this will prompt bigger deluges. While the seas are warming, so is the land. On the off chance that the land warms up, dry territories can turn out to be profoundly roosted. When drying broadens, the weight inclinations can make winds create, prompting tempestuous breezes, tornadoes, and other amazing tempests. With adjusted weight, a worldwide temperature alteration can influence where tempests, floods, and dry seasons happen. Another way environmental change can influence human wellbeing is environmental change in the biological system.      Ecosystem change is one of the most significant manners by which environmental change can impact human wellbeing. Nuisance control is one of nature’s overlooked administrations to individuals. Well-fun...

MIT.01 Intro to the Institute, part 2

MIT.01 Intro to the Institute, part 2 Things took a turn for the worse. Quickly. Very quickly. August 17th was a Saturday, and it started out as a good one. I was awoken by the indignant rumble of my ungrateful stomach, which was screaming for food. Not wanting a fight this morning, I ran to the kitchen, and dug through boxes of cereal and bunches of fruit until I found something that made my intestines hum melodies. The morning plowed its way through the corridors of time, and I ricocheted around the house, asking questions, trying to see what I had forgotten, what shoelace was missing, what sock was hanging around quivering in fear and hoping not to be left behind. It was time to return to MIT, and I was pretty excited. I had already formed the visions in my head of what “the return” would be like. A chance to be gracefully swept (or brutally pummeled, depending on what day of the week it was) through the current of people that paced the Infinite. The chance to lounge around with friends and take turns expressing vast anger with problem sets no doubt carefully engineered in some underground pain laboratory. These happy thoughts kept me company as I stuffed my things into four huge airport-bound bags…and then it happened. I heard it. For a long time, I did. It kept me rooted still, fixed to the floor, listening to my heart thump, waiting… Things didn’t get any better when I arrived at the airport. We drove there in slight glum, the events of the past hour hanging over us like a palpable shroud. I was already dangerously close to being late, so I quickly checked in two of my luggage bags, hugged my uncle and his family, and ran through the security checkpoint, after heaving two non-checked-in-bags onto the conveyor belt that would glide through the security scanners. I passed through security, got my bag, and was about to leave when… Wait…bag? Bag? Shouldn’t there be…bags? Oh dear. I spun around. Yup. Somehow, sitting obnoxiously away from me, on the other side of the security scanner, was my second bag, which must have somehow fallen off. What was happening? Five minutes left until the flight. My uncle and his family waving at me, unaware that it wasn’t over yet. Oh boy. Several unsavory expletives and a second security-scan later, I was running with my two luggage bags towards the plane. From speakers above, someone boomed out my name. Everyone had boarded. The plane was ready to take off. I was keeping everyone waiting. Luckily, I made it in time, and waded down the length of the plane, my bags smacking the knees and feet of several already irate-looking passengers. I finally collapsed onto my seat, breathing out in exhaustion. “Classic Vincent,” I muttered to myself. Beside me, an elderly woman glared. My bag was on her feet. Campus Air When the plane landed, I went into an undignified battle with my four luggage bags. I still wonder how I managed to move all of them at once from the baggage-claim room to outside the airport where Boston Summer Heat rained sulphuric acid lavished hugs on me. I found a taxi. “290 Massachusetts Avenue,” I told the driver, as I wrestled my bags into the trunk. 290 Mass. Ave was Random Hall. Naturally, I was dropped somewhere close to Random, and because I still hadn’t figured out that the best thing to do in a strange new place was to ask for help, I decided that I could identify Random, and began a brave ten-minute walk in the opposite direction. I was just about to collapse on the side of the road from exhaustion and lay there until some dog came by and decided to bite my leg off when a graduate student named Peter saw me. Young, wide-eyed seventeen-year-old boy covered in sweat and dragging two stacks of four bags. “Freshman?” he asked. I nodded. “Yes, hi, Im Vincent, just got hereI’m looking for Random.” “Oh,” he replied, looking amused. “Yes, um, this is the wrong way.” He helped with the bags, led me to Random, and wished me the best of luck at MIT. The world needs more Peters. I spent the rest of the day wandering around. I got the key to my room, and saw a collection of books outside my dorm and…well, let’s just say, they had interesting titles. I ran to the Student Center, got orientation information from some nice people, and a list of 101 things to do Before I Graduate. I had lunch at Subway. I saw a cat meow at me, and meowed right back. That evening, I was on one of those benches outside the student center, watching the sun sink lower. From where I sat, I could see the Alchemist Statue, curled up on the floor, staring moodily at the building across, as though afraid to head there for a Biology Final it hadn’t studied for. I watched two students race. One of them pumped his legs as hard and as fast as any legs could move, but he didn’t win, which wasn’t surprising, since his competitor was racing on a bike and laughing. Some girls passed me, saying something about registrations. Tourists took photos of the student center. I felt it sink over me, the awe of MIT, the awe of its history reaching up from invisible depths to welcome me with open arms, the awe of what lay ahead, the awe of what was coming. I felt happy. Two Busy Weeks, part 1 I soon found out that time raced at MIT, as though trying to keep up with the energy of students. A thousand events happened at the same time, from shenanigans I can only hint at, to information sessions, to barbecues, to ambitious projects. International Orientation flew by, during which I discovered that the Red Sox and clam chowder make Boston happy. I met a ton of students, and soon found that my accent posed a slight problem. Sometimes, I would speak too fast, and would often have to repeat myself to be heard. Sometimes, people didn’t even bother trying to figure out what I was saying. I remember a conversation that went like this. Person: Where are you from? Me: Nigeria, you? Person: California! How do you like it here? Me: It’s awesome. What course are you thinking of majoring in? Person: Sorry, can you repeat that? Me: What course are you thinking of majoring in? Person (didn’t hear me the second time): Oh, okay, thats cool. I participated in the Discover Electrical Engineering and Computer Science FPOP, and was grouped with two students, (one of them, Erick Pinos, is actually an admissions blogger too, and is totally awesome!). Our group, alongside twelve or thirteen other groups spent the next 5 days building Lego robots and programming them to move around a maze with the help of photo-sensors. During this FPOP, we had the craziest mystery hunt ever, engineered by an awesome grad student. Basically, we had to unscramble a really long anagram which led to a website that revealed an entire page of coded words. We decoded the page, and it led us running to the Infinite Corridor where we found a map that pointed to four places on campus. After a zigzag through the lumbering Stata Center, two floors of a humanities library, and some corridors I had never seen before, and after lamenting our collective cluelessness at a paper filled with q’s, w’s and asterisks, a sheet strewn with meaningless numbers, and torn newspapers containing clue-potent images unmasked only by the right kind of light, we still weren’t able to finish the hunt, despite the fact we had spent six hours on it. They had to tell us everything else, including where the final clue lay. And now, I want you to tell me where the final clue lay. Can you figure it out with the following: 1) The 3rd 3-digit even palindrome divisible by 111 2) An “Illuminati” Ambigram that is supposedly a hint. Definitely somewhere on campus. But where?

Regional Integration Essay - 1925 Words

Regional Integration / Geopolitics Assignment (SWOT Analysis) (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Course:Tutor:Date:Regional Integration / Geopolitics AssignmentSWOT AnalysisA SWOT analysis is critical in enabling a company to recognize the Advantages and disadvantages that exist within the companys organization (Strengths and Weakness) and outside of it, in the external environment (opportunities and Threats). The ability to develop a complete vigilance of the companys situation is critical to both decision-making and strategic planning. In essence, performing a SWOT analysis should be done before setting an objective for the corporate entity, this is mainly because it would allow achievable goals or objectives to be set for the organization (Miller, Vandome, McBrewster 23).Singapore Airline is one of the largest and highly recognized airlines in the world and it is one of the main East Asian has flights practicing across most of the well-known places of Asia like Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and China. In the following paragraphs, a SWOT analysis w ill be identified dentally.Strength of Singapore Airline:Enjoys a Robust Hub in SingaporeFirst airline to provide clients with hot and alcoholic mealsIt has the youngest fleet of aircraft of airline industry.Acknowledged for its top and excellent service and supreme customer service and hospitality.Through first-rate branding and marketing Singapore Airlines has evolved to become one of the top airlines in the world.One of the top airline brands in terms of market capitalization and number of passengers carried.Singapore Airlines flies to over 60 destinations in nearly 35 countries across the 6 regions (including two longest non-stop commercial flights).Satisfied Customer Base and Desired Airline of Passengers.Singapore Airline enjoys strong support from the Singapore GovernmentWeakness of Singapore AirlineThrough cutting of wages and minimum sizing in bad economic conditions, and in the effort of maintaining low expenditure, the companys relationship between labor union and managem ent has been destructed.Singapore Airline is considered as one of the most expensive airlines in the region hence unaffordable by many.The companys market share is significantly low owing to increased competition in the airline industry.The company heavily depends on international traffic.Turnover ratio has been reduced since Singapore Airline has been maintaining a good financial performance these few years.Singapore Airline suffers from an unbalanced portfolio.Opportunities of Singapore AirlineThe company has the opportunity to acquire state of the art fleet to improve customer confidenceCan inspire the outstanding hub which it has created in SingaporeMore international destinations to leverage on its high charge brand imageOffer the most inclusive and scrupulous training program to staffs to ensure brand experience and suitability.In order to create interest and awareness in the market, the company can plan and develop marketing strategies in its growth areas where it can attract new customers.Singapore Airlines has an enormous opportunity to increase its market base by expanding across Middle East, India and China.Threats to Singapore AirlineIntense competition arising from increase in the number of market players such as Cathay Pacific, Qantas, Thai Airline and China Southern Airline)Should go for low cost flights.High cost of the airline ticket prices as a result of the increasing operational costs.Fuel cost raised.Five Force AnalysesAirlines have struggled throughout 2008 amid a cocktail of soaring fuel prices, slowing consumer demand and the impact of the credit crisis on bank liquidity. More than 30 airlines have collapsed around the world, including business class-only airline Silverjet SILJ.L and travel giant XL in the UK. Although the oil prices dropped down in third quarter 2008, airline bankruptcies around the world are set to rise over the winter. The crisis has had severe impact on suppliers like B/E Aerospace, the world's biggest supplier of p lane seats due to a lack of demand. Nevertheless the airline industry in Singapore is characterized by strong supplier power; a consequence of the global duopoly of Boeing and Airbus that exists in the manufacture of aircraft globally and the fact that, as yet, no viable substitute for jet fuel has been discovered.The air industry in Singapore has been deregulated to a certain extent, which makes it more attractive for new entrants, although the bureaucracy and large financial outlay involved in setting up an airline serve as a deterrent to new companies. The desire for relatively fast international travel means that other forms of transport pose no more than a moderate threat to air travel.Impact of the regional economic and geopolitical issues on the companys performanceThe political tension that has gripped counties in this region has negatively impacted the economic performance of the regional based industries and in particular Singapore Airlines. in the year 2013, Singapore Air lines made a bid for a 24% stake on China Eastern Airlines as part of its expansion strategy. However, this bid was turned down by minority shareholders a move that was understood to be politically instigated. According to the International Herald Tribune, Air China blocked Singapore Airlines bid to buy Eastern China in a political manoeuvre that further led to a complete shake up in the CAAC. This characterized an extraordinary game of politics that impacted on the Chinese aviation industry that saw Air China successfully overturning Singapore Airlines bid to buy into China Eastern Airlines (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 12). Furthermore, the the Association of South East Asian Nations Senior Transport OfficialsMeeting (ASEAN-STOM) entered into a memorandum of understanding on November 2009 that aims to endorse a multilateral agreement on the complete liberalization of air freight services. The greater plan is to create a unified transport network that traverses and links th e member states in addition to ensuring ensure competitive and efficient competitive international air freight services. This is believed to promote economic growth in the region. Singapore Airlines is known be a significant beneficiary to this and previous policies on the liberalization of air services making the company one of the largest as far as the transportation of international capacity and the promotion of Singapore as a transit hub for the ASEAN region is concerned. It is therefore plausible to state that although the geopolitics in the ASEAN region has posed challenges to the company especially in terms of successfully executing its growth strategy, the regional membership has in overall worked to positively impact the companys performance. This is as indicated by the financial performance of the company presented below (Siddique, and Kumar 24).ProfitabilityThere are three main ratios that are used to identify a companys profitability. These are: Sales growth, Profit marg ins, and Return on capital employed. The table below shows the ratios that are related to profitability:Profitability Ratios Year End 2012 2011 2010 2009 Ratio #1: Sales Growth Rate SIA 2.3% 14.3% -20.6% 0.15% Ind Av0.99% 9.9% 33.7% -22.63% Ratio #2: Profit Margins Operating margin SIA 1.9% 8.8% 0.5% 5.6% Ind Av1.8% 5.6% 15.7% 8.6% Net margin SIA 2.7% 7.9% 2.2% 7.2% Ind Av 1.1% 5.8% 15.9% 7.3% Ratio #3: Return on Capital Employed SIA 1.7% 6.9% 0.4% 4.8% Ind Av1.6% 5.9% 16.2% 7.3% Sales Growth Singapore Airlines has been able to achieve significant growth in sales. This is despite of suffering from slim of sales that characterized the entire airline industry and consequent decrease in growth rate. This is indicative of the effectiveness and suitability of the companys competitive strategies in terms of aligning with its current position. In addition, the companys revenue in the year 2012 remained lower in compa rison to that achieved in 2009. This was as a result of the overall rebounding in the airline industry since 2010. In essence, this indicates that the company was able to gain a remarkable net profit that amounted to 1.15 billion SGD from April 2008 (Y/E 2008) to March 2009 (Y/E 2009) whereby at this time, the airline industry was still facing losses to the tune of negative 1.15 billion SGD from April 2008 (Y/E 2008) to March 2009 (Y/E 2009). However, during this time, Singapore Airlines was undergoing a slowdown that indicated an increase by 34.5% from the financial year 2011 to financial year 2012 of net profit. Important to note is that during this time, the industry average was going up by 43.75% in 2011. This is therefore indicative that Singapore Airlines is minimally impacted by the industrial growth (Singapore Airlines, Ltd., 2010).Profit MarginsAlthough Singapore Airlines performed better in comparison to other major players within its industry, the companys margins have be en highly volatile for the past four financial years. This has been mainly caused by the companys significantly low turnover. As the price of fuel increased significantly from 2008 and 2009 and further aggravated by the harsh economic environment as a result of the 2007 global financial crisis, the company therefore faced an unavoidable operating expense thereby leading to load factor and consequently low turnover. This had the adverse impact of hurting the companys economies of scale and consequently providing the company with a cost...

Equality and diversity Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Like the ubiquitous Irish jokes, they are mostly gentle put-downs. In itself not seen as harmful, it can lead to more aggressive behaviour when it gets out of hand. Scale 2 is Avoidance where the majority group shuns the out group and refuses all contact socially. They practise ostracism. Scale 3 is Discrimination and the active component of prejudice where the majority group deny the out group opportunities and services which are deemed exclusive to the majority. The minority group is prevented from achieving equality through education, jobs and social ascendancy. They are suppressed and are not allowed to realise, what to them are legitimate aspirations. Scale 4 is Physical Attack where as an example, in the U. S.A. , a group calling themselves the Ku Klux Klan formed by the white majority randomly lynched members of the Negroid black community. Pogroms against Jews in Eastern Europe are another example of physical attack of the out group where they also happened to burn and vandalise property belonging to the out group. Scale 5 is Extermination where the majority group seeks to completely wipe out the minority group from the face of the earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Equality and diversity or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Examples are, the ‘Final Solution’ of Nazi Germany in attempting to exterminate the Jews in what came to be known as the Holocaust, and ‘ethnic cleansing’ in Armenia and Bosnia. Although not in any sense a minority group (indeed females are numerically greater than males in most countries), sexism involves prejudice and discrimination practised purely on the basis of sex. As an example, it may be cited that although women are as well qualified as men in most Western developed societies, less than 10 per cent of top managerial positions in industry are held by women. This has been dubbed the ‘glass ceiling’ effect, where although in theory senior positions are available to women, they come up against an invisible barrier when they try to go up the promotional ladder. As regards theories of prejudice, the most well recognized is the F (Fascism) Scale devised by Adorno et al. (1950) to measure the attributes of what they called the authoritarian personality, which was hypothesised as a precursor of prejudice. They held that the authoritarian personality is developed through childhood experiences of harsh treatment by parents. The hostility felt towards the parents is suppressed and later displaced onto minority groups and result in acts of aggression. However, they are submissive towards authority figures. Although the measure (F Scale) has been validated up to a point, it has been proved too blanket a form of measurement ignoring individual and situational differences in levels of prejudice.

How Do Humans Develop Over A Lifetime Essay - 1173 Words

How do humans develop over a lifetime? The approach in which attempts to explain how children and adults change over a period of time is developmental psychology. Developmental psychology is the study of how humans develop relating to the mind, body, and spirit. It not only is an approach based on a micro sense, but on a macro sense as well. Micro meaning the development from baby to adult and macro meaning how a culture itself develops over a time span. Because developmental psychology is an umbrella term, it is used to describe a number of different disciples that are all focused on one common goal (Developmental Psychology). Being that developmental psychology is not the only theory accepted in explaining human development, this theory is best understood by looking at various other theories that are all related because of the ultimate goal question. Some of the related theories along with developmental psychology also consider the theoretical areas that include social, emotional, cognitive, and biological processes. When using the theory of psychological development there are three goals: describe, explain, and optimize development. To describe development, one must focus on the typical patterns of change, and on individual variations in patterns of change (McLeod). For instance, normative change is when change is cumulated and continual; however, one can change certain life aspects change as well. This capacity one has to change is known as plasticity. So, this is shownShow MoreRelatedAristotle And Aristotle s Philosophy1464 Words   |  6 Pagesseveral major propositions in this theory. Although the philosophers belonged to different time periods, they held similar viewpoints regarding what value virtue and vice hold in an individual’s character. Socrates and Aristotle had different views on how many virtues and vices existed in a person. Aristotle worked most closely in developing the idea of eudaimonea, roughly translated as happiness, in his Nic omachean Ethics books, which were derived from numerously translated notes of his students. AlthoughRead MoreWhat Makes A Conscience?1171 Words   |  5 Pages Humans are not born with an understanding of what is right and what is wrong. One’s conscience is developed over a lifetime and is influenced by environment, loved ones and social interactions. One’s conscience does not force actions; it merely serves to attempts to fulfill and justify one’s ethics, judgment, and actions. Many people bury their conscience beneath false justification and a lack of integrity, resulting in an absence of morals and truth. A conscience is often a negotiable partRead MoreThe Existence Of Evil : Evil1451 Words   |  6 Pagestheories of why and how evil exists. We question the very existence of evil, its creation, the cause and the purpose. The â€Å"theodicy† problem, or the problem of evil, has been argued multiple ways over the course of many years. If God is so good and so powerful, why does He allow evil to happen in the world? How can a loving God allow so much pain and suffering, especially among the innocent? What, if any, is the purpose of this evil? Many arguments arise from these questions. Not only do these questionsRead MoreThe Likeliness of Being Different1504 Words   |  7 Pageslearning or writing about Human Development, I don t think I can fit the term into the simple definition that it is the unfolding of the human potential in each person s unique environment. It just feels like so much more. Among the many things that have been engraved in my mind about the subject, the idea that everything is due to our genes and environment fascinates me the most. Development starts at conception, and because of that everything that happens in during our lifetime is a contribution toRead MoreEssay on Rob ert Johnsons He1344 Words   |  6 Pagesinnocence. The first idea that stuck with me is the interpretation of the salmon and how it represented Christ. Because my thoughts on religion and god are so unclear in my life, it led me to interpret the whole situation differently and with different symbolism that is more adjacent with my life. I could still comprehend what the author was trying to say, but I couldn’t relate to his interpretation. I can see how a boy might be introduced to something that is too powerful for him at the momentRead MoreInterpersonal Communication : Symbolic Interactionism And Social Penetration1360 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication and the other is based on how communication can help each of us develop deeper relationships. We practice both theories on a daily basis, whether we realize it or not. This paper will look how each theory is used in our daily lives, how each theory helps us to gain better understanding of our relationships, and how each theory ties into our biblical worldview. Symbolic Interactionism is the â€Å"ongoing use of language and gestures in anticipation of how the other will react† (Em Griffin,Read MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pagesstage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a child is very important. Erik Erikson’s developmentalRead MoreThe Human Experience : Education, Community, Religion, And Nature Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesthat will change over the course of my lifetime. Currently I define myself as a white Catholic woman who is religious an d independent. I am also a college student studying to become a social studies teacher. I am in a relationship, but still open to religious life. My relationship defines a part of who I am and who I want to become. This definition of who I am will not be the same in years to come, but this is who I am currently. My view of the human experience will also change over time, but rightRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Generalists And Specialists1239 Words   |  5 Pagesand Contrast Generalists and Specialists Today’s business world is more complex with the increase of more sophisticated technology and knowledge. Human resource management (HRM) has taken on a more demanding role in all organizations. 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Descriptive Essay About Blondes - 961 Words

It s been a week since my concussion, which was minor. In that time I ve noticed some abhorrent behavior in the blonde roommate I now know as Carter. I ve learned that Carter has a fling every night and it isn t with just one regular female but various ones. I feel sorry for these females, but I find it quite entertaining on how he s able to play them into hopping in his bed with me in the room. Carter is quite the badass is another observation I have made. Not only does he have the leather jacket, motorcycle image going one, but he has been in quite a number of fights this week which he has won. There is also his spontaneous talking back to the teacher and his rebelliousness. He smokes, drinks and even my friends shuddered when†¦show more content†¦_____ Knowing Carter wouldn t be home for another hour, I decided now would be the best time to take a shower. I gather everything I need alone with a few stuff to keep me sane. I close the door and strip down to undergarments. I pick up the dress instantly remembering Josh. Tempted, I put it on and clip a bow in my hair. I stare into the mirror. My chest is completely flat because it is banded down. My face isn t framed my the thick, brown curls anymore. Instead I m left with a boy cut. I know he would despise the way I look. I haven t seen him in a year. His dark hair, the beautiful sea blue eyes that spark when he smiles and his pearly white teeth. I take off the dress overwhelm by the memories. I unwrap the band banding down my boobs and instantly my tits pop back up to say hello. I unbuckle the pad less bra and as I am about to chuck it to the floor with the rest of my stuff , the door opens and in comes Carter. He looks at me and It doesn t register at first and I instantly cover my chest. Sorry dude,mumbles Carter as he opens the bathroom door, walking in on me. Why do you have a bra in your hand?He asks as he realizes the bra in my hand and me awkwardly covering my chest. Get out! I yell blushing because of the vulnerable state I am in. He crosses his legs and places his hand on the door frame to prop himself up. This is about to get interesting. He smirks and exits the bathroom, shutting the door. What theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Advertisement For Rimmel London For The New Provocalips Campaign Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagesfound in the media such as print advertisements. By conducting a semiotic analysis I will be analyzing the advertisement for Rimmel London for the new Provocalips campaign that was recently published in the March 2015 edition of Elle magazine. This essay will be analyzing the connotation and denotations found in the advert, the iconic and indexical signs as well as the implied narrative and the effectiveness in conveying the intended message of the advert. The advert can be seen in many other mediaRead MoreSport and Football Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagesaudience on why Cheering should be taken as seriously as any other sport. In contrast Felisa Rogers the author of â€Å"How I Learned to Love Football† tells a story of how she once despised the great American game of football to how she grew ecstatic about its very nature. Both women have admiration for their respective sports and want to encourage others to share their love of sports through their use of ethos and pathos, with pathos being more effective. Cheerleading is a physical activity that IRead MoreRacial Stereotypes3031 Words   |  13 Pagesmold to the way that some people think, i.e. stereotypically. Many people have ideas â€Å"molded† into their minds about certain groups of people, and this is a mold of sorts that is ingrained within the human mind, in â€Å"type metal† so to say. There are many, many stereotypes perpetuated by different media outlets that highly influence the way that the every day person thinks or feels about particular groups of people. In this paper, I will target specifically racial stereotypes, as well as how thoseRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pagesaccess to a wealth of information that can help the selection of the appropriate word or phrase in a variety of situations. Not only are the words and meanings given descriptive labels, for example formal or informal, AmE (American English) or BrE (British English), humorous, old-fashioned, but now they have the added information about relative frequency in spoken and written language. Take for example the verb book (in the meaning of book a table at a restaurant). It is marked as S2 – one of the topRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesunder such heavy contribution later in The Aim of the Sage. Chapter 4. Since the successful use of talismans depen ds upon their being used in conjunction with the correct constellations, this chapter is devoted to the latter. The author gives a descriptive list of the twenty-eight mansions of the moon, according to the â€Å"Indian† system, and assigns to each its correct talisman. Analysis of the passage shows that it is a compound of â€Å"Indian† doctrines, the tenets of Dorotheus of Sidon (both attestedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEnvironment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost

Medias Role in Liberal Democracies - 1119 Words

The basic elements in a liberal democracy are regular elections, a parliament exercising control over government within law and individuals freedoms such as free debate, freedom of association and the right to protest (Carter Stokes, 2002). Regular elections should include competitiveness among parties to keep elections fair and voters should be aware of their interests. Additionally, as Carter and Stokes (2002) state that there should be â€Å"a parliament that can exercise control over the government and all this happens within a frame work of the rule of law† (p.10). A liberal democracy should include extensive freedoms of speech, press (all media properties), association, movement, thought and belief, assembly and protest, and language†¦show more content†¦Press should be careful to present complete and just information in order to maintain the public trust. One example is from New York Times (3 May 2003) that journalist Jayson Blair had made up interviews and stories, he was fired at the moment in an attempt to protect the integrity of the paper (Street, 2011, p.53). The love of propaganda of our days negatively affect news presentation in a way it manipulates and derives new information or selects information in favor of some particular groups. Investigating government power or political activity is another contribution that news can make to democracies. In other words this function can be described as maintaining politicians’ honesty. This provides the public to be aware of their politicians’ activities so people can make sound choices and rational decisions. In countries with non-liberal regimes, journalism cannot fulfill its investigative duties, serving to their political masters. Hutton (2008) claims that in China, journalists and editors receive â€Å"daily instructions on what may or may not be reported† (p.134). 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Functional Areas of Business Free Essays

Functional Areas of Business: Operations and Project Management Gregory J. Deschapell MGT521/Management February 12, 2013 Dr. Rosamaria Murillo Functional Areas of Business: Operations and Project Management There are several functional areas that compose a business. We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas of Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now These areas frequently, if not constantly, interact with one another to ensure that the organization succeeds. This paper will summarize two of these functional areas: Operations and Project Management. We will also review the roles of managers who oversee these areas. The original concept of operations management dates back to the 1930s when businesses focused on economic efficiency in manufacturing. Soon after, psychologist and sociologists began to observe and evaluate human behavior in the workplace. In addition, economists, mathematicians, and computer socialists contributed newer, more sophisticated analytical approaches (Kumar Suresh, 2009). The term †operations† was adopted as the service sector of the economy became more prominent. A more modern definition would state that operations is the functional area of a business that oversees, designs, controls the process of production, and redesigns business operations in the production of goods and services. It ensures that business operations are efficient, using as few resources as possible, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements and satisfaction. Simply put, it manages the processes that convert inputs into outputs. Effective operations management balances out quality, customer demand, employee development, profit, and environmental considerations. Most organizations concern themselves with improving the efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Therefore, operations management includes substantial system of checks, balances, and evaluation that examines, analyzes, and measures these internal systems. Ultimately, the nature of how operations management functions in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, and wholesale. Operations managers have two types of responsibilities: direct and indirect. Direct responsibilities that directly relate to producing and delivering products and services include managing, planning, controlling, developing methods for improving processes, and creating operational strategies that can keep the organization competitive in times of rapidly changing economic conditions and technological advances. Indirect responsibilities include interacting with other functional areas within the organization whose roles have an impact on operations. These areas may include marketing, finance, accounting, and human resources. Operations managers face several challenges in today’s world. For example, they are increasingly encouraged to do more with less. This translates into developing methods to maximize existing resources. They must be knowledgeable on emerging technology that will increase productivity in an efficient manner. They must be able to motivate and derive maximum performance from those that they lead. Finally, operations managers must be able to have an evolving understanding of globalization and environmental changes. In today’s economy, it is common knowledge that businesses can no longer operate on just one principle, e. g. , cost, quality, or delivery, they must develop a strategy that supports multiple competitive objectives. This differs from a traditional approach that matches organizations capabilities to a particular market segment. Operations managers have to be more innovative as well as inspire creativity to anticipate ever-changing future requirements and customer demands (Brown, Blackmon, Cousins, Maylor, 2001). The next functional area that we will examine is project management. Project management is a branch of management that uses management tools to fulfill a defined goal for a shorter period. These tools may include budget analysis, allocation, and optimization. The term â€Å"project management† can take on different meanings. How organizations interpret and apply the position may differ. To gain a better understanding of the definition of project management, it is important have an understanding of what a â€Å"project† is. Specifically, a project is,â€Å"A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result† (Cooke Tate, 2011, pg. 39). The word â€Å"temporary† assumes that most projects have a starting and ending period and the word â€Å"unique† alludes to the fact that most projects normally fall outside the routine definition of an organization’s traditional practices or sevices. In this functional area, teams are assembled to accomplish a specified objective. The role of a project manager is to plan and execute a project successfully. To accomplish this, a project manager must be in possesion of several skill sets. In addition to basic management skills, a project manager must be able to communicate with other members of the project team effectively and coordinate with other functional areas within the organization to request resources necessary to accomplish the task. A project manager must be have an ability to ask meaningful questions, identify assumptions, and resolve conflict that may arise. They must also understand the impact of risk on the success of the project an alleviate any uncertainy that may create a risk. They must also be able to organize. Prioritizing tasks and employing team members in accordance with their capabilities and areas of expertise is essential to successful project management. In addition to leadership, the role of project manager also encompasses activities such as planning, resourcing, scheduling, time management, and budgeting. In closing, it is important to provide some degree of measure to determine the efficiency of these two functional areas. Obvious indicators would be increases in the quality of product or services that an organization provides customer and employee satisfaction, the emergence of more efficient business processes, and the increased mitigation of risk. The role of managers plays an instrumental role in the immediate or eventual outcomes. In the words of Stephen R. Covey, a noted American educator, author, businessman, and keynote speaker, â€Å"Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall. (Covey, 2004, pg. 101). References Brown, S. , Blackmon, K. , Cousins, P. , Maylor, H. (2001). Operations Management—Policy, Practice and Performance Improvement. In S. Brown, K. Blackmon, P. Cousins, H. Maylor, Operations Management—Policy, Practice and Performance Improvement. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann . Cooke, H. S. , Tate, K. (2011). The McGraw-Hill 36-Hour Course—Project Management, Second Edi tion. In H. S. Cooke, K. Tate, The McGraw-Hill 36-Hour Course—Project Management, Second Edition (p. 1). New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, San Juan, Seoul, Singapore, Sydney, Toronto: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Covey, S. R. (2004). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change . In S. R. Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change (p. 101). New York: Free Press. Kumar, S. A. , Suresh, N. (2009). Operations Management. In S. A. Kumar, N. Suresh, Operations Management (p. 2). New Age International Ltd. How to cite Functional Areas of Business, Essay examples Functional Areas of Business Free Essays Depending on the size of organization, functional areas may be directed by specific departments with upper management, mid-level and front line managers. In comparison, a small business is often managed by one leader only, who’s responsibilities overlap. Management The management role includes more than simply being in charge of employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas of Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, this position coordinates and oversees the work of others, ensures organization goals are accomplished, and ensures the business success. Furthermore, managers monitor the efficiency and effective use of employees because workers are the most important resource f an organization (Stephen Robbins, 2010). Managers also oversee and control functions that are not obvious, but play a crucial role in the company’s success. Law is the legal aspect of business that effect business and small firms. Managers use business law to ensure operations are legally sound, noncompliance with all state, federal and international requirements, and regulations to help solve problems. Human resources or short HER address concepts of personal development throughout employee’s lifestyle. During the hiring and training process human resources have a high importance. For proper compensation and if disciplinary actions are taken (Stephen Robbins, 2010). A large role for managers plays the aspect of leadership which covers different ways to influence employees to achieve organization goal, inspire and motivate, handle conflicts, as well as power struggle and organizational change. Accounting maintains and audits financial aspects of a business that is separated into financial and managerial accounting. Financial accounting studies the creation of financial statement, for example, income statements and balance sheets. Managerial accounting looks at statements and helps make decisions, including budgeting for upcoming projects and control cost within the firm (Stephen Robbins, 2010). Finance addresses the process of setting up and maintaining the fiscal success of the firm including revenue. Finance is useful for managers in many ways, especially when needing fund for new business venture. The study of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services within countries and individual firms are a part of economics. It is used to maximize profits and to Andre market conditions, for example, recessions (Stephen Robbins, 2010). Leaders collect data and use methods as well as static to interpret them to find out important information about their business as part of research and statistics. This fiction will help make decisions on what business practices to continue to use and which ones to modify in the future. Operations management is devoted to increasing the value of the firms supply chain. This function is used to ensure that the process f getting goods and service is smooth and error free (Stephen Robbins, 2010). Marketing interests the end consumer in a product or service and to keep this client happy. Such technique is used to determine which product or service to offer, the type of advertising and creation of a good image of their brand. Strategic planning is applied to ensure origination’s goals are met. Marketing helps bring all aspects of the firm together and ensures the company’s success (Stephen Robbins, 2010). The Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy addresses why small business, with between five to went employees, Often fail to grow. Most times, the difficulty directly relates to the little or no knowledge of growth requirement and organizations barriers. A SOOT analysis, which included strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, allows leaders to develop a company goal as well as an action plan on how to reach it. According to Perks, â€Å"Small businesses that grow during their flirts four years of establishment more than double their chance of survival (Perks, p. 21, 2010). Omnipotent view of management states that managers are directly responsible for the organization’s success as well as failure. Actions and decisions of leaders are directly related to an organization’s success. Well performing leaders adjust and maximize chances, improve bad performances, as well as manage the company. Therefore, managers are compensated for the business’ success with stock options, incentives, ores. On the other side, upper management is believed to be responsible when profits are down and then fired or replaced by new managers (Stephen Robbins, 2010). Symbolic view of management describes the failure and success of companies impacted by external influences that are outside of leader’s ability to control. This view is arguing that managers have little control over external factors for example customers, economy, competitors, decisions of previous leaders and others. Managers have only symbolized influence and control by creating action plans, and limited influence of failure and success according to this view. Conclusion Whether in a small or large company, managers oversee a wide range of functions to ensure the success and high performance of all areas. How to cite Functional Areas of Business, Papers

Arrow and the Song free essay sample

Arrow and the Song Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem, â€Å"Arrow and the Song† is a lyric poem giving an inspiration to a relationship or a friendship between two or more people. It includes analogies, symbolism, vivid imagery, and repetition to help convey what he is trying to reach to the audience The poem is made up of three stanzas of quatrain, and it’s an end rhyme consists of aabb ccdd throughout the poem. Its lyrical type of poem, expresses his emotions about the arrow and the song. Longfellow represents the â€Å"arrow† a friendship, because like â€Å"arrow† it will last forever even though there are difficult problems both have to face. In the first stanza, â€Å"It fell to earth, I knew not where† this symbolizes the start of a conflict between two people. He is trying to reach it, but missed that chance, and now it’s gone. In the second stanza, Longfellow represents memories like a song or his feelings that troubled him. We will write a custom essay sample on Arrow and the Song or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the first stanza and the second stanza both have in similarities, as one can refer as a repetition â€Å"I shot an arrow† (1), â€Å"I breathed a song† (5), â€Å"It fell to earth I knew not where†, and â€Å"For.. , leaves me believe that both the arrow and the song both symbolizes the love and feelings. Another symbolism can be found in the last stanza the â€Å"oak†, it symbolize a strong, solid image to present a person’s soul. Even though he had lost the arrow for some time, he found it still â€Å"unbroke†. Just like in a friendship it cannot be broken down and pull apart no matter what how hard the situation. They are always being there and for that to keep it they need to treasure it.

Enhanced Oil Recovery free essay sample

Oil and Gas refers to the naturally occurring liquid and natural gas specifically made up of long chain hydrocarbons and various organic compounds found beneath the surface of the earth in entrapments called reservoirs; the presence of oil and gas in these reservoirs is the reason humans survive everyday and carry out their daily activities effectively. Different activities are usually carried out to ensure that the oil and gas present in the reservoirs continue to support humans through their day-to-day activities; such activities include exploration, development, production and finally, abandonment and reclamation. This process is what is referred to as â€Å"the oil and gas process†. On completion of this process, numerous efforts are made to increase the quantity of oil that can be extracted again from the oil well and we refer to these efforts as â€Å"recovery†. There are three main types of recovery, primary recovery (solution gas, gas cap and natural water drive) secondary recovery (gas injection and water flooding) and tertiary recovery (enhanced oil recovery EOR, polymer flooding and steam flooding). In this article, analysis on the â€Å"enhanced oil recovery† technology and trends will be emphasized upon. Enhanced oil recovery becomes very vital when oil production has to be increased to obtain a recovery percentage of at least 75% (Rigzone, 2009). This can only achieved by using any of the four basic methods of EOR; these methods include chemical flooding, miscible gas displacement, thermal recovery and microbial EOR. Among these four mentioned, â€Å"Thermal methods are the oldest EOR methods, they have been developed over the last thirty years† (Elsevier, 1981). Miscible gas displacement also called â€Å"gas injection† by some engineers refers to the process of injecting CO2, natural gas and Nitrogen into a reservoir; â€Å"in miscible gas displacement, the gas is injected at or above the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) which causes the gas to be miscible in oil† (Bandar, 2007). Chemical flooding also called â€Å"chemical injection† involves injecting chemicals such as a polymer directly into the reservoir to enhance the oil recovery. Thermal recovery introduces heat to the reservoir to reduce the viscosity of the oil. Many times, steam is applied to the reservoir, thinning the oil and enhancing its ability to flow (Rigzone, 2009). Over 50% of the tertiary recovery method employed by the United States of America is the thermal recovery method. The most common gas employed when â€Å"gas injection† is being used is the CO2 (carbon dioxide) gas. The two major reasons why carbon dioxide is used are because it is miscible with crude oil and also it is the cheapest of all the other miscible fluids present. Carbon dioxide injection into the reservoir based on previous experiences has shown that a recovery of up to 15% of the oil that was originally in the reservoir is achievable. With the injection of the carbon dioxide gas, changes occur in the reservoir such and temperature and pressure changes. Through the changes in temperature and pressure, carbon dioxide can form a solid, liquid, gas and supercritical fluid (Teledyne, 2007). Furthermore, when carbon dioxide has been injected into the reservoir, it begins to form a homogeneous mixture with the crude oil thus, the light hydrocarbons, which are present in the crude, mix with the carbon dioxide gas and this dissolves the oil. Upon miscibility of the carbon dioxide gas and the crude, the physical forces separating the liquid phase and the gaseous phase gives way and this helps the carbon dioxide gas move the oil from the rocks towards the wells for production. According to the USDOE, a very good example of an applied carbon dioxide gas injection technique is the  Wasson. Fields Denver Unit CO2 EOR project which has resulted  in  more than 120 million incremental barrels  of  oil through 2008 (2010). Moreover, carbon dioxide is not the only gas employed when the gas injection technique is employed. Nitrogen is another gas commonly used for gas injection basically to maintain the reservoir pressure; it can also be employed when gas cycling and gas lifting are to be employed. The minimum miscibility pressure of nitrogen depends largely on the pressure, temperate and the composition of the reservoir fluid. According to Schlumberger, â€Å"above the MMP, nitrogen injection is a miscible vaporizing drive. Miscibility of nitrogen can be achieved only with light oils that are at high pressures; therefore, the miscible method is suitable only in deep reservoirs† (2011). Both methods of miscible injection from past experiences have proved very effective. When oil has been effectively recovered from these reservoirs using the miscible gas, the gas that has mixed with the recovered oil is separated from the oil and re-injected into the reservoir to enhance the oil recovery once again. This process can be repeated until the reservoir is completely depleted and cannot produce any more oil. Note that nitrogen gas injection is used when dealing with reservoir containing light oils and also very economical allowing a recovery of up to 40%. A practical example of nitrogen gas injection is in the Cantarell oil field in Mexico. Upon application of this enhanced oil recovery methods, there was a noticeable increase in the oil production from 1. 9 million bpd to 2. 1 million bpd. Fig 1: Typical illustration of the miscible gas process using CO2 and water (University of Kansas, 1999) Chemical flooding can also be referred to as chemical injection and is the process whereby chemicals and polymers are injected into a reservoir to increase its â€Å"recovery factor†. EOR methods involving the use of polymers usually yield a recovery range of ~6% to ~30%. When these chemicals are injected into the reservoir, the oil that is trapped there is released thus it can flow freely into the production wells. Furthermore, â€Å"polymers help increase the effectiveness of water-floods and boost the efficiency of surfactants† (Duncan, Ferguson, Sudip and Neptune, 2011). The use of polymers in chemical injection further helps to enhance the competence of the surfactants and also the efficiency of the water flooding; to be precise, water soluble polymers are best used for this process. The polymer that is regularly utilised during the process is the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and with development in technology, the quality has improved over time. In order to achieve the best results from the chemical injection process, there are certain characteristics that need to be in place. These characteristics include â€Å"high remaining oil saturation, low water-flood residual saturation, high permeability and porosity, high polymer concentration and slug size, fresh water and soft water and reservoir temperatures of less than 220F† (Gary, 2007). Favourable characteristics are not limited to these that have just been mentioned but if these characteristics are present, then the expected recovery from the reservoir in question would be satisfactory as up to ~30% recovery is achievable. Moreover, economics have shown that chemical flooding is not profitable when the price of the surfactants is compared with that of the price of oil; it usually cost a lot to obtain the surfactants needed to recover oil from reservoirs and in some cases, the chemicals which are injected into the reservoir are more expensive than the oil which they extract from that reservoir. Chemical flooding can prove to be very pricy and at the same time provide the engineers with the needed results. Thermal recovery is usually applied to reservoirs with depths lesser than 3000ft. These reservoirs usually contain very viscous oil. There are four main types of thermal flooding that can be applied to any reservoir; they include: Fig 3: The steam injection process (The Piping Guide, 2009) 1. Cyclic stem injection: Popularly known as the â€Å"huff and puff† technique, it differs from all other types of thermal flooding in that it uses a central well to carry out every function from the injection of steam to the extraction of oil. The technique is quite straightforward, steam is pumped into the well and the well is covered up for some time so that the steam can get to the reservoir rocks and upon arrival, the steam enhances the oil flow. To improve the oil flow further, this process can be repeated over again which leads to a new process called â€Å"steam drive†. 2. Steam drive: In this process, steam is re-injected into the reservoir constantly. Moreover, this process cannot be as effective as required if the reservoir rocks have fractures. If there were fractures, â€Å"the steam would simply head straight through those into the producing wells instead of working its way through the reservoir rock† (Anon. , 2008). After the steam is injected, underlying heat is formed and this eventually aids the oil to flow with ease. 3. Thermally assisted gas-oil gravity drainage: this process is best suited for highly fractured reservoirs. In this process, the steam is injected directly into these fractures to reduce the viscosity of the oil and allow it flow easily. According to the petroleum development Oman, the steam â€Å"just needs to get the oil flowing more easily. This then allows gravity to take effect, causing the oil to drain down into the fractures and then into horizontal producing wells that are situated towards the bottom of the reservoir† (2008). 4. In-situ combustion: In this process, a reasonable quantity of the oil in the reservoir is actually set on fire to act as a steam and gas generator. According to the petroleum development Oman â€Å"it’s the trickiest of the four main thermal EOR methods to get right. It is generally only used in a reservoir that has high permeability (i. e. fluids can flow easily through the reservoir rock) and even then only as a last resort† (2008). Some of the oil might be lost during burning but more can be recovered as a result of the steam that has been generated that drives the oil towards the producing well. MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (MEOR) Microbial enhanced oil recovery also known as microbial flooding refers to the process whereby microorganisms are injected into the reservoir to increase oil production from a well. The process of MEOR is a biological based technology in which these microorganisms react with the reservoir fluids in order to mobilize the oil and move it towards the production wells. Usually, MEOR is used in the third stage of EOR after 12% to 20% of the oil in the well has already been recovered. The characteristics of the reservoir in which the MEOR process is being applied will greatly have an effect on its success. There are two types of MEOR, â€Å"those in which the microorganisms react with reservoir fluids to generate surfactants and those that react with microorganisms to generate polymers† (Ronald, 2001). MEOR is an economical way of increasing oil production and as genetic technology keeps improving, it would become the most attractive and cheapest method of enhanced oil recovery as the improvement lowers the cost of oil production. Conclusively, certain strains of bacteria that exist and are used for the MEOR method sometimes do not survive due to the harsh conditions they encounter in the reservoirs but as mentioned earlier, microbiologists are working on a different strain of bacteria that can survive in the reservoirs irrespective of these harsh conditions. Enhanced oil recovery has an outstanding economic potential to increase oil recovery thereby maximizing profit. EOR also has it disadvantages that have negative effects on the ecosystem. Steam injection causes serious air pollution and also, polymer flooding which falls under chemical injection also leads to contamination of underground water which eventually makes it unfit for consumption. Furthermore, during the EOR process, a substance called â€Å"brine† is produced at the surface of the well; this substance is highly toxic and also radioactive. On exposure to humans, it can be very dangerous and highly detrimental. In my opinion, more research on how the chemical injection process can be carried out without affecting the underground water supply and also how the thermal process of steam injection can be done safely without a threat to the atmosphere. Regulations put in place to control the environmental impacts of EOR should be as strict as possible so that eventually, the eco-system is preserved and oil and gas companies can still maximize profit.

Sample Essays About South African Food, Holidays and Famous Places

Sample Essays About South African Food, Holidays and Famous PlacesIf you've thought of writing an essay about South African food, holidays, famous places or any other topic, you'll find that it's easy to get sidetracked if you don't have good sample essays from students you know. These are some sample essays you can use for a project on South African food.One of the sample essays, you may like is one by Katherine Hines, 'The South African Experience.' It is about what it means to be a South African when you've had diverse experiences in the past that you're proud of. You can include some brief personal information about the essay topic if you want to make it more personal. This essay can be written to one of two topics, one that deals with a holiday you've been on or one that will talk about South African food and the country's taste in it.There are many other sample essays that you can choose from. One that's a bit more challenging is by Nika Havas and John Paul Cale. In it, they di scuss what it means to be an African born and raised in London. The sample essays have a slightly different feel to them, as they are a bit more academic and less personal, but they still have similar elements.Many sample essays are about African adventures. One that's very famous is one by Stephen Muldoon, who found his career direction writing about South African adventure, travel and lifestyle. If you really love writing essays, you can combine this article to a great whole.A few sample essays that are also part of a master's degree class are by Mark Baxendale and Daniel Smith. They discuss how South Africa is a country with a multicultural makeup. You can also combine this to a book, a film or a series of articles to tell the whole story.One final sample essays, you might want to use is one by Bob Schoebel, 'Mongolian Barbeque.' This is about cultural and linguistic differences between the two countries. You can add a little more detail to this to make it more interesting. You m ay also like an example from the New Project, which is a class on East Africa.Whatever you choose, there are many sample essays out there that can help you write an essay about South African food, holidays, famous places and other topics. It doesn't matter if you prefer to do your research yourself or go to the library and look through whatever you can find. As long as you know what you're looking for, you should be able to find some samples that will help you with your project.

Problems with Child Labor Essays

Problems with Child Labor Essays Problems with Child Labor Essay Problems with Child Labor Essay Child labor essay Children have been involved in family based errands for all of imaginable human history. Nonetheless, at the wake of the 19th century when massive industrial expansion was taking place and many families moving to urban centers, people had to seek work to survive. This momentous change saw the first major wave of children seeking wage employment to survive or rake income to support themselves. During the time, child labor was not a major concern because mercantilist ideologies had a ruthless and exploitative imperial stance about labor. Through the 19th century and 20th century Britain and America, child labor became a social crisis. Child labor refers to the deliberate employment of children in activities that interfere with their normal schooling, that is mentally and socially harmful to their development and that is exploitative. Thesis Statement Some of the best ways to address child labor is through legislations that ensure all children access mandatory basic schooling up to the age of 16, ensuring effective parenting and empowerment of the children about their rights and privileges. Essay on child labor Child labor is mostly promoted by poverty as a supply side economic prerogative. On the demand side, incidences of child labor are exacerbated when there is poor enforcement of legislations that protect children. There has been intensive progress on the part of governments to exercise the relevant legislations that support children rights. Nevertheless, there is still much to be done. The geography of child labor is even more revealing. Whenever poverty is heightened and means of livelihood exceed familys stretched resources for sustenance, there is often the pressure among children to seek employment to meet basic needs of feeding, clothing and acceptability within the household. Nonetheless, homeless parents also contribute to the surge of destitute children in cities who have to find employment to survive. Children under the age of 16 are regarded as vulnerable in key physical and mental capacity to sustain meaningful employment. In 2008, the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated that 153 million children were involved in exploitative labor worldwide. Out of this number, more that 60% were in the agricultural industries and the rest were in mines, factory work and some home based processing industries. The highest ranked risked nations for child labor globally according to a 2012 survey are Myanmar, North Korea, Somali and Sudan. These countries have insecurity as a national experience, they have dictatorships other than democratic leaders and the rule of law is weakly implemented (Rosenthal Hawkins 230). The efforts to address child labor should make a priority of ensuring state stability, democratization, the advancement of the rule of law and adequate security for the citizenry. The trend of child labor is even more pronounced recently as a result massive outsourcing of labor to poor nations. Global interconnectedness has come with opportunities as well as challenges. A key legislative tool is the fight against child labor at the global level is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which many nations are chartered to. In the contemporary scene, many nations across the globe have laws that seek to protect children from the risk of child labor. Much more needs to be done through collaborated efforts by Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), civil society groups, households and multinationals having global operations. It is only through a concerted effort that the war against child labor can be won because apart from the exposure to child labor a more sinister crime of human trafficking also target vulnerable children. The vulnerability of children is a matter than should be addressed swiftly with extensive intelligence operations and extensive policing. Persons involved in child labor are corrupt; they use violence against children and can extend their abusive operations on children because of their vulnerability. In India and Brazil, diverse methods have been tried and there is considerable success. These nations use child empowerment through the education system to teach them their rights and indulge in extended campaigns against child labor (Nogler Pertile 44). Between England and the United States, there are limited futuristic trends of child labor because of the use of extensive legislations and policing. Among developing nations and those worst hit by civil strife, insecurity and high incidences of absolute poverty, progress shall come slowly. Demographic changes in many societies is a major challenge for government planning and social welfare and such nations need to rapidly upgrade their governance mechanisms to address the question of child exploitation, human trafficking which affects vulnerable children and slavery in its diverse forms. Conclusion Child labor adversely affects the development of children as well as deprives them vital opportunity to undertake schooling. Schooling is the only way to extract children from exploitation so that they can be effectively taught to prepare for careers and professional lives that are satisfying and fulfilling. Intense efforts have been done to attain this goal but the challenges of corruption or poverty or poor legislative functions cannot be wished away in the short run. According to ILO, the minimum age convention and the minimum wage legislations shall make greater impact as governments move forward with ratification schedules. Nogler, Luca, and Marco Pertile. Child labour in a globalized world: a legal analysis of ILO action. Routledge, 2016. Print. Rosenthal, Paul C., and Anne E. Hawkins. Confronting Child Labor in Global Agricultural Supply Chains: Applying the Law of Child Labor in Agricultural Supply Chains: A Realistic Approach. UC Davis J. Intl L. ; Poly 21 (2015): 157-279.