Medias Role in Liberal Democracies - 1119 Words

The basic elements in a liberal democracy are regular elections, a parliament exercising control over government within law and individuals freedoms such as free debate, freedom of association and the right to protest (Carter Stokes, 2002). Regular elections should include competitiveness among parties to keep elections fair and voters should be aware of their interests. Additionally, as Carter and Stokes (2002) state that there should be â€Å"a parliament that can exercise control over the government and all this happens within a frame work of the rule of law† (p.10). A liberal democracy should include extensive freedoms of speech, press (all media properties), association, movement, thought and belief, assembly and protest, and language†¦show more content†¦Press should be careful to present complete and just information in order to maintain the public trust. One example is from New York Times (3 May 2003) that journalist Jayson Blair had made up interviews and stories, he was fired at the moment in an attempt to protect the integrity of the paper (Street, 2011, p.53). The love of propaganda of our days negatively affect news presentation in a way it manipulates and derives new information or selects information in favor of some particular groups. Investigating government power or political activity is another contribution that news can make to democracies. In other words this function can be described as maintaining politicians’ honesty. This provides the public to be aware of their politicians’ activities so people can make sound choices and rational decisions. In countries with non-liberal regimes, journalism cannot fulfill its investigative duties, serving to their political masters. Hutton (2008) claims that in China, journalists and editors receive â€Å"daily instructions on what may or may not be reported† (p.134). Journalists’ duty to serve the public includes investigating and gathering information by means of having connections and resources who mostly disguise themselves for the sake of remaining hidden. The excuse for keeping secret is either some activity is swept under the carpet or have some externalities result into affecting many. The journalists’ ability to investigate hasShow MoreRelatedMedia Studies1668 Words   |  7 PagesTwo opposing views on the role of media in society have thus far dominated media studies: the Marxist and liberal-pluralist perspectives. Simply, Marxist theorists see the role of the mass media as a means of maintaining the existing state of affairs, while the liberal pluralists see the role of the mass media as a means to promote the freedom of speech. The following essay will look more closely into the theories of these two schools with regards to how they see the role of the media in society,Read MoreEssay on Nonviolent Resistance Helped by Co mmunication Methods1251 Words   |  6 PagesNon-violent activism has played a critical role in several transitions from authoritarianism like, the withering away of the Soviet Union and the Apartheid in South Africa. For many activists, non-violent action has become an effective way to achieve social or political goals. Peter Ackerman and Christopher Kruegler, the authors of â€Å"Strategic Nonviolent Conlfict: The Dynamics of People Power in the Twentieth Century,† mention how the appearance of non-violent action as a weapon of choice in resolvingRead More Media Influence On Public Policy Essay1847 Words   |  8 PagesPolicymaking is a political process which is affected by various social and economic factors (Hofferbert, 1974) and media systems play an integral role in shaping the social context in which policies are developed. Through the media, citizens learn how government policies will affect them, and governments gain feedback on their policies and programs. Media systems act as the primary channels between those who might want to influence policy and the policymakers controlling the scope of politicalRead MoreMedia Influence on Public Policy Essays1861 Words   |  8 PagesPolicymaking is a political process which is affected by various social and economic factors (Hofferbert, 1974) and media systems play an integral role in shaping the social context in which policies are developed. Through the media, citizens learn how government policies will affect them, and governments gain feedback on their policies and programs. Media systems act as the primary channels between those who might want to influence policy and the policymakers controlling the scope of politicalRead MoreThe Media And Liberal Democracy2741 Words   |  11 PagesThe Media and Liberal Democracy Name: Areez Somani Professor:   Dr.  David Hoogenboom Student Number: 250644546 Due Date: July 19, 2015 Our society is based upon a set of key main ingredients that have led us to today’s era of information technology. This vast array of technological advancements concerning the internet, television, mobile devices and even newspapers all share one unique characteristic, they are controlled and manipulated by the media (Diamond, 2010, pg 5)Read MoreThe Relationship Between Social Media Platforms And The Government1517 Words   |  7 Pagesfallacies individuals have of the media’s role in society. This essay wasn’t written to persuade one either way, but rather to bring the important relationship to light, so with better understanding people can make wiser decisions as voters, consumers or investors. Fo r Better, or For Worse: Politics, Government, and the Media. Outline I. Introduction a. Fallacies of the American People-Media b. Private owned media c. Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) II. The Media Role Society a. Different FormsRead MoreA Report on the Chinese Media2572 Words   |  10 Pageswith continuous exposure, media tends to have an influence on identity, beliefs and personal value.. Even though values, identity and beliefs are controlled by other factors like schools, teachers, friends and family, media does play a significant role in setting values. The content of a media in a country can give rise to a value or a feeling which can then adapt to the cultural environment in that region. Due to this reason, social comparisons are created that lead to ideological change in a communityRead MoreThe And Of Public Broadcasting1287 Words   |  6 Pagesoutlets equal access to more truth. What’s often an important ideology, but also overlooked or missed, is the relationship between the government and the mass media, and how their relationship interjects with our views of them. The Media Role Society The media’s role is to relay information to the public. Looking at the evidence, and the relationship between the government and the media, you’ will decided if private ownership means freedom from government ownership. The For Better, or For Worse: PoliticsRead MorePolarization in Us Politics1665 Words   |  7 Pagesless homogenous. There is now a consensus in the American media that their politics are increasingly Polarized between the liberal voters who vote Democrat, and the more traditional conservatives who support the Republican Party. This essay will assess the evidence for whether or not the American political system is indeed polarizing, and if so, then for what reasons? The role of political elites will also be examined, whether or not they are polarizing aswell, and whether this is a large contributingRead MoreGina Rinehart s Accumulation Of Fairfax Shares Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesis that one of the most powerful sectors in Australian society, the mining industry, were seeking to dominate one of the important accountability mechanisms in a democracy though economic means. Gina Rinehart, who is Australia s richest person, began accumulating shares in Fairfax in late 2010. In February 2012 she became Fairfax Media’s largest shareholder, purchasing a 14 per cent stake in the company. She later increased her stake and was believed to be planning a takeover before being forced

Functional Areas of Business Free Essays

Functional Areas of Business: Operations and Project Management Gregory J. Deschapell MGT521/Management February 12, 2013 Dr. Rosamaria Murillo Functional Areas of Business: Operations and Project Management There are several functional areas that compose a business. We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas of Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now These areas frequently, if not constantly, interact with one another to ensure that the organization succeeds. This paper will summarize two of these functional areas: Operations and Project Management. We will also review the roles of managers who oversee these areas. The original concept of operations management dates back to the 1930s when businesses focused on economic efficiency in manufacturing. Soon after, psychologist and sociologists began to observe and evaluate human behavior in the workplace. In addition, economists, mathematicians, and computer socialists contributed newer, more sophisticated analytical approaches (Kumar Suresh, 2009). The term †operations† was adopted as the service sector of the economy became more prominent. A more modern definition would state that operations is the functional area of a business that oversees, designs, controls the process of production, and redesigns business operations in the production of goods and services. It ensures that business operations are efficient, using as few resources as possible, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements and satisfaction. Simply put, it manages the processes that convert inputs into outputs. Effective operations management balances out quality, customer demand, employee development, profit, and environmental considerations. Most organizations concern themselves with improving the efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Therefore, operations management includes substantial system of checks, balances, and evaluation that examines, analyzes, and measures these internal systems. Ultimately, the nature of how operations management functions in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, and wholesale. Operations managers have two types of responsibilities: direct and indirect. Direct responsibilities that directly relate to producing and delivering products and services include managing, planning, controlling, developing methods for improving processes, and creating operational strategies that can keep the organization competitive in times of rapidly changing economic conditions and technological advances. Indirect responsibilities include interacting with other functional areas within the organization whose roles have an impact on operations. These areas may include marketing, finance, accounting, and human resources. Operations managers face several challenges in today’s world. For example, they are increasingly encouraged to do more with less. This translates into developing methods to maximize existing resources. They must be knowledgeable on emerging technology that will increase productivity in an efficient manner. They must be able to motivate and derive maximum performance from those that they lead. Finally, operations managers must be able to have an evolving understanding of globalization and environmental changes. In today’s economy, it is common knowledge that businesses can no longer operate on just one principle, e. g. , cost, quality, or delivery, they must develop a strategy that supports multiple competitive objectives. This differs from a traditional approach that matches organizations capabilities to a particular market segment. Operations managers have to be more innovative as well as inspire creativity to anticipate ever-changing future requirements and customer demands (Brown, Blackmon, Cousins, Maylor, 2001). The next functional area that we will examine is project management. Project management is a branch of management that uses management tools to fulfill a defined goal for a shorter period. These tools may include budget analysis, allocation, and optimization. The term â€Å"project management† can take on different meanings. How organizations interpret and apply the position may differ. To gain a better understanding of the definition of project management, it is important have an understanding of what a â€Å"project† is. Specifically, a project is,â€Å"A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result† (Cooke Tate, 2011, pg. 39). The word â€Å"temporary† assumes that most projects have a starting and ending period and the word â€Å"unique† alludes to the fact that most projects normally fall outside the routine definition of an organization’s traditional practices or sevices. In this functional area, teams are assembled to accomplish a specified objective. The role of a project manager is to plan and execute a project successfully. To accomplish this, a project manager must be in possesion of several skill sets. In addition to basic management skills, a project manager must be able to communicate with other members of the project team effectively and coordinate with other functional areas within the organization to request resources necessary to accomplish the task. A project manager must be have an ability to ask meaningful questions, identify assumptions, and resolve conflict that may arise. They must also understand the impact of risk on the success of the project an alleviate any uncertainy that may create a risk. They must also be able to organize. Prioritizing tasks and employing team members in accordance with their capabilities and areas of expertise is essential to successful project management. In addition to leadership, the role of project manager also encompasses activities such as planning, resourcing, scheduling, time management, and budgeting. In closing, it is important to provide some degree of measure to determine the efficiency of these two functional areas. Obvious indicators would be increases in the quality of product or services that an organization provides customer and employee satisfaction, the emergence of more efficient business processes, and the increased mitigation of risk. The role of managers plays an instrumental role in the immediate or eventual outcomes. In the words of Stephen R. Covey, a noted American educator, author, businessman, and keynote speaker, â€Å"Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall. (Covey, 2004, pg. 101). References Brown, S. , Blackmon, K. , Cousins, P. , Maylor, H. (2001). Operations Management—Policy, Practice and Performance Improvement. In S. Brown, K. Blackmon, P. Cousins, H. Maylor, Operations Management—Policy, Practice and Performance Improvement. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann . Cooke, H. S. , Tate, K. (2011). The McGraw-Hill 36-Hour Course—Project Management, Second Edi tion. In H. S. Cooke, K. Tate, The McGraw-Hill 36-Hour Course—Project Management, Second Edition (p. 1). New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, San Juan, Seoul, Singapore, Sydney, Toronto: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Covey, S. R. (2004). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change . In S. R. Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change (p. 101). New York: Free Press. Kumar, S. A. , Suresh, N. (2009). Operations Management. In S. A. Kumar, N. Suresh, Operations Management (p. 2). New Age International Ltd. How to cite Functional Areas of Business, Essay examples Functional Areas of Business Free Essays Depending on the size of organization, functional areas may be directed by specific departments with upper management, mid-level and front line managers. In comparison, a small business is often managed by one leader only, who’s responsibilities overlap. Management The management role includes more than simply being in charge of employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas of Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, this position coordinates and oversees the work of others, ensures organization goals are accomplished, and ensures the business success. Furthermore, managers monitor the efficiency and effective use of employees because workers are the most important resource f an organization (Stephen Robbins, 2010). Managers also oversee and control functions that are not obvious, but play a crucial role in the company’s success. Law is the legal aspect of business that effect business and small firms. Managers use business law to ensure operations are legally sound, noncompliance with all state, federal and international requirements, and regulations to help solve problems. Human resources or short HER address concepts of personal development throughout employee’s lifestyle. During the hiring and training process human resources have a high importance. For proper compensation and if disciplinary actions are taken (Stephen Robbins, 2010). A large role for managers plays the aspect of leadership which covers different ways to influence employees to achieve organization goal, inspire and motivate, handle conflicts, as well as power struggle and organizational change. Accounting maintains and audits financial aspects of a business that is separated into financial and managerial accounting. Financial accounting studies the creation of financial statement, for example, income statements and balance sheets. Managerial accounting looks at statements and helps make decisions, including budgeting for upcoming projects and control cost within the firm (Stephen Robbins, 2010). Finance addresses the process of setting up and maintaining the fiscal success of the firm including revenue. Finance is useful for managers in many ways, especially when needing fund for new business venture. The study of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services within countries and individual firms are a part of economics. It is used to maximize profits and to Andre market conditions, for example, recessions (Stephen Robbins, 2010). Leaders collect data and use methods as well as static to interpret them to find out important information about their business as part of research and statistics. This fiction will help make decisions on what business practices to continue to use and which ones to modify in the future. Operations management is devoted to increasing the value of the firms supply chain. This function is used to ensure that the process f getting goods and service is smooth and error free (Stephen Robbins, 2010). Marketing interests the end consumer in a product or service and to keep this client happy. Such technique is used to determine which product or service to offer, the type of advertising and creation of a good image of their brand. Strategic planning is applied to ensure origination’s goals are met. Marketing helps bring all aspects of the firm together and ensures the company’s success (Stephen Robbins, 2010). The Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy addresses why small business, with between five to went employees, Often fail to grow. Most times, the difficulty directly relates to the little or no knowledge of growth requirement and organizations barriers. A SOOT analysis, which included strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, allows leaders to develop a company goal as well as an action plan on how to reach it. According to Perks, â€Å"Small businesses that grow during their flirts four years of establishment more than double their chance of survival (Perks, p. 21, 2010). Omnipotent view of management states that managers are directly responsible for the organization’s success as well as failure. Actions and decisions of leaders are directly related to an organization’s success. Well performing leaders adjust and maximize chances, improve bad performances, as well as manage the company. Therefore, managers are compensated for the business’ success with stock options, incentives, ores. On the other side, upper management is believed to be responsible when profits are down and then fired or replaced by new managers (Stephen Robbins, 2010). Symbolic view of management describes the failure and success of companies impacted by external influences that are outside of leader’s ability to control. This view is arguing that managers have little control over external factors for example customers, economy, competitors, decisions of previous leaders and others. Managers have only symbolized influence and control by creating action plans, and limited influence of failure and success according to this view. Conclusion Whether in a small or large company, managers oversee a wide range of functions to ensure the success and high performance of all areas. How to cite Functional Areas of Business, Papers

Arrow and the Song free essay sample

Arrow and the Song Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem, â€Å"Arrow and the Song† is a lyric poem giving an inspiration to a relationship or a friendship between two or more people. It includes analogies, symbolism, vivid imagery, and repetition to help convey what he is trying to reach to the audience The poem is made up of three stanzas of quatrain, and it’s an end rhyme consists of aabb ccdd throughout the poem. Its lyrical type of poem, expresses his emotions about the arrow and the song. Longfellow represents the â€Å"arrow† a friendship, because like â€Å"arrow† it will last forever even though there are difficult problems both have to face. In the first stanza, â€Å"It fell to earth, I knew not where† this symbolizes the start of a conflict between two people. He is trying to reach it, but missed that chance, and now it’s gone. In the second stanza, Longfellow represents memories like a song or his feelings that troubled him. We will write a custom essay sample on Arrow and the Song or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the first stanza and the second stanza both have in similarities, as one can refer as a repetition â€Å"I shot an arrow† (1), â€Å"I breathed a song† (5), â€Å"It fell to earth I knew not where†, and â€Å"For.. , leaves me believe that both the arrow and the song both symbolizes the love and feelings. Another symbolism can be found in the last stanza the â€Å"oak†, it symbolize a strong, solid image to present a person’s soul. Even though he had lost the arrow for some time, he found it still â€Å"unbroke†. Just like in a friendship it cannot be broken down and pull apart no matter what how hard the situation. They are always being there and for that to keep it they need to treasure it.

Enhanced Oil Recovery free essay sample

Oil and Gas refers to the naturally occurring liquid and natural gas specifically made up of long chain hydrocarbons and various organic compounds found beneath the surface of the earth in entrapments called reservoirs; the presence of oil and gas in these reservoirs is the reason humans survive everyday and carry out their daily activities effectively. Different activities are usually carried out to ensure that the oil and gas present in the reservoirs continue to support humans through their day-to-day activities; such activities include exploration, development, production and finally, abandonment and reclamation. This process is what is referred to as â€Å"the oil and gas process†. On completion of this process, numerous efforts are made to increase the quantity of oil that can be extracted again from the oil well and we refer to these efforts as â€Å"recovery†. There are three main types of recovery, primary recovery (solution gas, gas cap and natural water drive) secondary recovery (gas injection and water flooding) and tertiary recovery (enhanced oil recovery EOR, polymer flooding and steam flooding). In this article, analysis on the â€Å"enhanced oil recovery† technology and trends will be emphasized upon. Enhanced oil recovery becomes very vital when oil production has to be increased to obtain a recovery percentage of at least 75% (Rigzone, 2009). This can only achieved by using any of the four basic methods of EOR; these methods include chemical flooding, miscible gas displacement, thermal recovery and microbial EOR. Among these four mentioned, â€Å"Thermal methods are the oldest EOR methods, they have been developed over the last thirty years† (Elsevier, 1981). Miscible gas displacement also called â€Å"gas injection† by some engineers refers to the process of injecting CO2, natural gas and Nitrogen into a reservoir; â€Å"in miscible gas displacement, the gas is injected at or above the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) which causes the gas to be miscible in oil† (Bandar, 2007). Chemical flooding also called â€Å"chemical injection† involves injecting chemicals such as a polymer directly into the reservoir to enhance the oil recovery. Thermal recovery introduces heat to the reservoir to reduce the viscosity of the oil. Many times, steam is applied to the reservoir, thinning the oil and enhancing its ability to flow (Rigzone, 2009). Over 50% of the tertiary recovery method employed by the United States of America is the thermal recovery method. The most common gas employed when â€Å"gas injection† is being used is the CO2 (carbon dioxide) gas. The two major reasons why carbon dioxide is used are because it is miscible with crude oil and also it is the cheapest of all the other miscible fluids present. Carbon dioxide injection into the reservoir based on previous experiences has shown that a recovery of up to 15% of the oil that was originally in the reservoir is achievable. With the injection of the carbon dioxide gas, changes occur in the reservoir such and temperature and pressure changes. Through the changes in temperature and pressure, carbon dioxide can form a solid, liquid, gas and supercritical fluid (Teledyne, 2007). Furthermore, when carbon dioxide has been injected into the reservoir, it begins to form a homogeneous mixture with the crude oil thus, the light hydrocarbons, which are present in the crude, mix with the carbon dioxide gas and this dissolves the oil. Upon miscibility of the carbon dioxide gas and the crude, the physical forces separating the liquid phase and the gaseous phase gives way and this helps the carbon dioxide gas move the oil from the rocks towards the wells for production. According to the USDOE, a very good example of an applied carbon dioxide gas injection technique is the  Wasson. Fields Denver Unit CO2 EOR project which has resulted  in  more than 120 million incremental barrels  of  oil through 2008 (2010). Moreover, carbon dioxide is not the only gas employed when the gas injection technique is employed. Nitrogen is another gas commonly used for gas injection basically to maintain the reservoir pressure; it can also be employed when gas cycling and gas lifting are to be employed. The minimum miscibility pressure of nitrogen depends largely on the pressure, temperate and the composition of the reservoir fluid. According to Schlumberger, â€Å"above the MMP, nitrogen injection is a miscible vaporizing drive. Miscibility of nitrogen can be achieved only with light oils that are at high pressures; therefore, the miscible method is suitable only in deep reservoirs† (2011). Both methods of miscible injection from past experiences have proved very effective. When oil has been effectively recovered from these reservoirs using the miscible gas, the gas that has mixed with the recovered oil is separated from the oil and re-injected into the reservoir to enhance the oil recovery once again. This process can be repeated until the reservoir is completely depleted and cannot produce any more oil. Note that nitrogen gas injection is used when dealing with reservoir containing light oils and also very economical allowing a recovery of up to 40%. A practical example of nitrogen gas injection is in the Cantarell oil field in Mexico. Upon application of this enhanced oil recovery methods, there was a noticeable increase in the oil production from 1. 9 million bpd to 2. 1 million bpd. Fig 1: Typical illustration of the miscible gas process using CO2 and water (University of Kansas, 1999) Chemical flooding can also be referred to as chemical injection and is the process whereby chemicals and polymers are injected into a reservoir to increase its â€Å"recovery factor†. EOR methods involving the use of polymers usually yield a recovery range of ~6% to ~30%. When these chemicals are injected into the reservoir, the oil that is trapped there is released thus it can flow freely into the production wells. Furthermore, â€Å"polymers help increase the effectiveness of water-floods and boost the efficiency of surfactants† (Duncan, Ferguson, Sudip and Neptune, 2011). The use of polymers in chemical injection further helps to enhance the competence of the surfactants and also the efficiency of the water flooding; to be precise, water soluble polymers are best used for this process. The polymer that is regularly utilised during the process is the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and with development in technology, the quality has improved over time. In order to achieve the best results from the chemical injection process, there are certain characteristics that need to be in place. These characteristics include â€Å"high remaining oil saturation, low water-flood residual saturation, high permeability and porosity, high polymer concentration and slug size, fresh water and soft water and reservoir temperatures of less than 220F† (Gary, 2007). Favourable characteristics are not limited to these that have just been mentioned but if these characteristics are present, then the expected recovery from the reservoir in question would be satisfactory as up to ~30% recovery is achievable. Moreover, economics have shown that chemical flooding is not profitable when the price of the surfactants is compared with that of the price of oil; it usually cost a lot to obtain the surfactants needed to recover oil from reservoirs and in some cases, the chemicals which are injected into the reservoir are more expensive than the oil which they extract from that reservoir. Chemical flooding can prove to be very pricy and at the same time provide the engineers with the needed results. Thermal recovery is usually applied to reservoirs with depths lesser than 3000ft. These reservoirs usually contain very viscous oil. There are four main types of thermal flooding that can be applied to any reservoir; they include: Fig 3: The steam injection process (The Piping Guide, 2009) 1. Cyclic stem injection: Popularly known as the â€Å"huff and puff† technique, it differs from all other types of thermal flooding in that it uses a central well to carry out every function from the injection of steam to the extraction of oil. The technique is quite straightforward, steam is pumped into the well and the well is covered up for some time so that the steam can get to the reservoir rocks and upon arrival, the steam enhances the oil flow. To improve the oil flow further, this process can be repeated over again which leads to a new process called â€Å"steam drive†. 2. Steam drive: In this process, steam is re-injected into the reservoir constantly. Moreover, this process cannot be as effective as required if the reservoir rocks have fractures. If there were fractures, â€Å"the steam would simply head straight through those into the producing wells instead of working its way through the reservoir rock† (Anon. , 2008). After the steam is injected, underlying heat is formed and this eventually aids the oil to flow with ease. 3. Thermally assisted gas-oil gravity drainage: this process is best suited for highly fractured reservoirs. In this process, the steam is injected directly into these fractures to reduce the viscosity of the oil and allow it flow easily. According to the petroleum development Oman, the steam â€Å"just needs to get the oil flowing more easily. This then allows gravity to take effect, causing the oil to drain down into the fractures and then into horizontal producing wells that are situated towards the bottom of the reservoir† (2008). 4. In-situ combustion: In this process, a reasonable quantity of the oil in the reservoir is actually set on fire to act as a steam and gas generator. According to the petroleum development Oman â€Å"it’s the trickiest of the four main thermal EOR methods to get right. It is generally only used in a reservoir that has high permeability (i. e. fluids can flow easily through the reservoir rock) and even then only as a last resort† (2008). Some of the oil might be lost during burning but more can be recovered as a result of the steam that has been generated that drives the oil towards the producing well. MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (MEOR) Microbial enhanced oil recovery also known as microbial flooding refers to the process whereby microorganisms are injected into the reservoir to increase oil production from a well. The process of MEOR is a biological based technology in which these microorganisms react with the reservoir fluids in order to mobilize the oil and move it towards the production wells. Usually, MEOR is used in the third stage of EOR after 12% to 20% of the oil in the well has already been recovered. The characteristics of the reservoir in which the MEOR process is being applied will greatly have an effect on its success. There are two types of MEOR, â€Å"those in which the microorganisms react with reservoir fluids to generate surfactants and those that react with microorganisms to generate polymers† (Ronald, 2001). MEOR is an economical way of increasing oil production and as genetic technology keeps improving, it would become the most attractive and cheapest method of enhanced oil recovery as the improvement lowers the cost of oil production. Conclusively, certain strains of bacteria that exist and are used for the MEOR method sometimes do not survive due to the harsh conditions they encounter in the reservoirs but as mentioned earlier, microbiologists are working on a different strain of bacteria that can survive in the reservoirs irrespective of these harsh conditions. Enhanced oil recovery has an outstanding economic potential to increase oil recovery thereby maximizing profit. EOR also has it disadvantages that have negative effects on the ecosystem. Steam injection causes serious air pollution and also, polymer flooding which falls under chemical injection also leads to contamination of underground water which eventually makes it unfit for consumption. Furthermore, during the EOR process, a substance called â€Å"brine† is produced at the surface of the well; this substance is highly toxic and also radioactive. On exposure to humans, it can be very dangerous and highly detrimental. In my opinion, more research on how the chemical injection process can be carried out without affecting the underground water supply and also how the thermal process of steam injection can be done safely without a threat to the atmosphere. Regulations put in place to control the environmental impacts of EOR should be as strict as possible so that eventually, the eco-system is preserved and oil and gas companies can still maximize profit.

Sample Essays About South African Food, Holidays and Famous Places

Sample Essays About South African Food, Holidays and Famous PlacesIf you've thought of writing an essay about South African food, holidays, famous places or any other topic, you'll find that it's easy to get sidetracked if you don't have good sample essays from students you know. These are some sample essays you can use for a project on South African food.One of the sample essays, you may like is one by Katherine Hines, 'The South African Experience.' It is about what it means to be a South African when you've had diverse experiences in the past that you're proud of. You can include some brief personal information about the essay topic if you want to make it more personal. This essay can be written to one of two topics, one that deals with a holiday you've been on or one that will talk about South African food and the country's taste in it.There are many other sample essays that you can choose from. One that's a bit more challenging is by Nika Havas and John Paul Cale. In it, they di scuss what it means to be an African born and raised in London. The sample essays have a slightly different feel to them, as they are a bit more academic and less personal, but they still have similar elements.Many sample essays are about African adventures. One that's very famous is one by Stephen Muldoon, who found his career direction writing about South African adventure, travel and lifestyle. If you really love writing essays, you can combine this article to a great whole.A few sample essays that are also part of a master's degree class are by Mark Baxendale and Daniel Smith. They discuss how South Africa is a country with a multicultural makeup. You can also combine this to a book, a film or a series of articles to tell the whole story.One final sample essays, you might want to use is one by Bob Schoebel, 'Mongolian Barbeque.' This is about cultural and linguistic differences between the two countries. You can add a little more detail to this to make it more interesting. You m ay also like an example from the New Project, which is a class on East Africa.Whatever you choose, there are many sample essays out there that can help you write an essay about South African food, holidays, famous places and other topics. It doesn't matter if you prefer to do your research yourself or go to the library and look through whatever you can find. As long as you know what you're looking for, you should be able to find some samples that will help you with your project.

Problems with Child Labor Essays

Problems with Child Labor Essays Problems with Child Labor Essay Problems with Child Labor Essay Child labor essay Children have been involved in family based errands for all of imaginable human history. Nonetheless, at the wake of the 19th century when massive industrial expansion was taking place and many families moving to urban centers, people had to seek work to survive. This momentous change saw the first major wave of children seeking wage employment to survive or rake income to support themselves. During the time, child labor was not a major concern because mercantilist ideologies had a ruthless and exploitative imperial stance about labor. Through the 19th century and 20th century Britain and America, child labor became a social crisis. Child labor refers to the deliberate employment of children in activities that interfere with their normal schooling, that is mentally and socially harmful to their development and that is exploitative. Thesis Statement Some of the best ways to address child labor is through legislations that ensure all children access mandatory basic schooling up to the age of 16, ensuring effective parenting and empowerment of the children about their rights and privileges. Essay on child labor Child labor is mostly promoted by poverty as a supply side economic prerogative. On the demand side, incidences of child labor are exacerbated when there is poor enforcement of legislations that protect children. There has been intensive progress on the part of governments to exercise the relevant legislations that support children rights. Nevertheless, there is still much to be done. The geography of child labor is even more revealing. Whenever poverty is heightened and means of livelihood exceed familys stretched resources for sustenance, there is often the pressure among children to seek employment to meet basic needs of feeding, clothing and acceptability within the household. Nonetheless, homeless parents also contribute to the surge of destitute children in cities who have to find employment to survive. Children under the age of 16 are regarded as vulnerable in key physical and mental capacity to sustain meaningful employment. In 2008, the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated that 153 million children were involved in exploitative labor worldwide. Out of this number, more that 60% were in the agricultural industries and the rest were in mines, factory work and some home based processing industries. The highest ranked risked nations for child labor globally according to a 2012 survey are Myanmar, North Korea, Somali and Sudan. These countries have insecurity as a national experience, they have dictatorships other than democratic leaders and the rule of law is weakly implemented (Rosenthal Hawkins 230). The efforts to address child labor should make a priority of ensuring state stability, democratization, the advancement of the rule of law and adequate security for the citizenry. The trend of child labor is even more pronounced recently as a result massive outsourcing of labor to poor nations. Global interconnectedness has come with opportunities as well as challenges. A key legislative tool is the fight against child labor at the global level is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which many nations are chartered to. In the contemporary scene, many nations across the globe have laws that seek to protect children from the risk of child labor. Much more needs to be done through collaborated efforts by Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), civil society groups, households and multinationals having global operations. It is only through a concerted effort that the war against child labor can be won because apart from the exposure to child labor a more sinister crime of human trafficking also target vulnerable children. The vulnerability of children is a matter than should be addressed swiftly with extensive intelligence operations and extensive policing. Persons involved in child labor are corrupt; they use violence against children and can extend their abusive operations on children because of their vulnerability. In India and Brazil, diverse methods have been tried and there is considerable success. These nations use child empowerment through the education system to teach them their rights and indulge in extended campaigns against child labor (Nogler Pertile 44). Between England and the United States, there are limited futuristic trends of child labor because of the use of extensive legislations and policing. Among developing nations and those worst hit by civil strife, insecurity and high incidences of absolute poverty, progress shall come slowly. Demographic changes in many societies is a major challenge for government planning and social welfare and such nations need to rapidly upgrade their governance mechanisms to address the question of child exploitation, human trafficking which affects vulnerable children and slavery in its diverse forms. Conclusion Child labor adversely affects the development of children as well as deprives them vital opportunity to undertake schooling. Schooling is the only way to extract children from exploitation so that they can be effectively taught to prepare for careers and professional lives that are satisfying and fulfilling. Intense efforts have been done to attain this goal but the challenges of corruption or poverty or poor legislative functions cannot be wished away in the short run. According to ILO, the minimum age convention and the minimum wage legislations shall make greater impact as governments move forward with ratification schedules. Nogler, Luca, and Marco Pertile. Child labour in a globalized world: a legal analysis of ILO action. Routledge, 2016. Print. Rosenthal, Paul C., and Anne E. Hawkins. Confronting Child Labor in Global Agricultural Supply Chains: Applying the Law of Child Labor in Agricultural Supply Chains: A Realistic Approach. UC Davis J. Intl L. ; Poly 21 (2015): 157-279.

Ways To Avoid Plagiarism In Academic Papers

Ways To Avoid Plagiarism In Academic Papers Today, when the Internet is rich with all kinds of data, its extremely easy to find content for most academic papers. Thats awesome, but its not always that simple to use information from the net in your paper same time avoiding plagiarism. But you still can do it simply following some easy steps while writing your academic paper so that it will be 100% unique. Paraphrasing When you need to write an academic paper on the specific subject, the first thing to do is to find as much information as you can. Next, you need to read the material and write it in your own words. Make sure you dont copy more than 3 words in a row from the other text you have found online. If you want to literally use the same words (more than 3 words one after another), you should use quotation marks. The right use of quoting will be explained more properly further as the text goes. Citing Citing can be a very effective way to make your paper original. When you are completing some academic assignment, you should just go through the paper formatting guidelines (i.e. MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.) that your university uses or other institution that issued the request for a research. Citing usually entails the addition of information about the author(s) and the publishing date or other things like that. When it comes to web content, citing quotes usually engages the extension of a page number or the paragraph number. Its really that simple. However, make sure to do it properly. Quoting Now we are back to quoting. So, when quoting some other writer, you need to use the quote exactly the way it presents in an original document. Nobody wants to be wrong cited. Still, most universities hate to see quotations with 30 words or more as every student should be competent to adequately paraphrase most works. Sure, this technique is time-consuming, but such effort will pay off with a high grade! Be sure your quotation is not too long and one more thing, make certain to do quoting right to avoid plagiarism accusation. Citing Your Own Content If you are writing an academic paper and need to use some of the content from your previous papers, you need to cite yourself. So, treat the content the same as you tend to do with someone elses writing. It might sound strange, but if you use the same text you have used before that will be characterized as self-plagiarism, and thats not admissible. Referencing Its important to include a reference page that has works presented at the end of your academic paper. Just like for citing, this page must meet the standards for paper formatting of your university. That information must be very explicit and to include all important information. If you want to avoid plagiarism, you should go through the directions on this page very carefully. Checking Edit your academic paper faithfully and look for plagiarism before you turn it to your professor. The steps mentioned here before are crucial for academic paper writing. Also, you should consider using plagiarism detection services such as WriteCheck. It can be a good way to check your paraphrasing and other skills from this article. Likewise, most educators and universities use the some kind of plagiarism checkers to assess students papers. So, dont take the chance of submitting your work before checking it first. Plagiarism may cause you severe problems with your academic degree or even career troubles in the future. If you need expert advice while checking your paper, or if you are not sure what to include in your work, consider asking for help from Essay Writing Place. Our professional writers are ready to help with any college assignment. We want to share our knowledge, skills and experience and assist students when they need it. Well gladly help with preparing a reference list, quoting sources, editing paper or any other problem that may appear in the process of writing. If you feel that you cant cope with the task yourself, let us help you!